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J. E. Lincoln and Associates                                                      435-882-4655

P. O. Box 2786                                                                          888-882-4655 

St. George  UT  84771-2786                                                          jel@trilobyte.net 

www.jelincoln.com                    "Business success from regulatory compliance"(TM)

______________________________________________________________________

ISO 14971:2000 and 14971:2007

John E. Lincoln, principal consultant, J. E. Lincoln and Associates

Medical Devices / Pharmaceuticals / Quality / Regulatory Affairs

ISO 14971:2007 -- "Medical devices -- Application of risk management to medical devices"


Newly revised.  Although designed for medical devices, its principles 

are useful for any regulated product. 1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions 3 General requirements for risk management 3.1 Risk management process 3.2 Management responsibilities 3.3 Qualification of personnel 3.4 Risk management plan 3.5 Risk management file 4 Risk Analysis  4.1 Risk analysis process 4.2 Intended use and identification of characteristics related to the safety of the medical device  4.3 Identification of hazards              4.4 Estimation of the risk(s) for each hazard hazardous situation 5 Risk evaluation  6 Risk control  6.1 Risk reduction 6.2 Risk control option analysis  6.3 Implementation of risk control measure(s)  6.4 Residual risk evaluation  6.5 Risk / benefit analysis  6.6 Risks arising from risk control measures 6.7 Completeness of risk control 7 Evaluation of overall residual risk acceptability 8 Risk management report  9 Production and post-production information  Annexes A Rationale for requirements B Overview of the risk management process for medical devices C Questions that can be used to identify medical device 

       characteristics that could impact on safety D Risk concepts applied to medical devices E       Examples of hazards, foreseeable sequences of events, and

       hazardous situations F       Risk management plan G       Information on risk management techniques (PHA, FTA, FMEA, 

       HAZOP, HACCP) H       Guidance on risk management for in vitro diagnostic medical

       devices I       Guidance on risk analysis process for biological hazards J       Information for safety and information about residual risk   

ISO 14971, a harmonized standard, is not mandatory, but regulatory agencies 

(US FDA / EU Notified Bodies) will expect to see manufacturers conducting 

risk analysis for devices under the CGMPs / ISO 13485. As the harmonized 

standard, ISO 14971 is the model that represents current "state of the art" 

thinking, and increasingly regulatory agencies will be expecting manufacturers

to use it as a basis for risk management of medical devices.

For aid in identifying device-specific hazards / risks, review similar product 

families at the US FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience 

MAUDE) database, www.fda.gov/cdrh/maude, select "on-line search" link 

in para. 2, then enter company or product desired, and select time 

period, then "Search". 

Changes between previous versions of ISO 14971 and the newly revised ISO 14971:2019:

Provides additional guidance on its application Addition of post-production monitoring Removal of requirement for traceability New guidance on relationship between hazards and hazardous situations Monitor the effectiveness of the controls. Added: Life cycle considerations Post-production Risk estimation Active senior management involvement Use error considerations GHTF definition for “manufacturer”. Incorporate ISO 9001 definitions References to ISO 13485 added “Hazard”, coupled with exposure, results in a “Hazardous Condition” A “Hazardous Condition’s” probability of occurrence equals the calculated

“Harm” resulting from that “Hazard” Risk Management Plan: To include the collection / review of production

and post-production source material Risk Management Report: Traceability Matrix not ‘required’ Review proper implementation of Plan Overall product residual risk is acceptable (not every residual risk must be disclosed) Systems exist to obtain production and post-production information. “Risk / Benefit” statement not required

Major changes with Annexes – all were revised and new ones added

(from 24 to 68 pages): Annex A is now ‘rationale’ (old H) New Annex B – Flow Diagram overview Annex C – Old A: Greatly modified Annex D greatly expanded “risk concepts” Annex E greatly revised w/ numerous tables New Annex F – Risk Management Plan Annex G – Old F, expanded w/ PHA, HACCP New Annex H – Old B: IVD devices New Annex I – Biological hazards New Annex J – Safety and Residual Risk


For additional information or to obtain a copy of the current, or new standard, ISO 14971:2007, go to the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) website at ISO 14971:2000 (withdrawn) or ISO 14971:2007

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Last updated on 02/12/2009.